A multivariate morphometric analysis of the <i>Symphyotrichum boreale – S. nahanniense – S. welshii</i> complex (Asteraceae: Astereae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A multivariate morphometric study of the Symphyotrichum boreale – S. nahanniense – S. welshii complex was undertaken to assess the morphological differences between members of the complex and compare them with specimens of S. lanceolatum, a close relative. Discriminant analyses of a matrix of 119 specimens including the S. nahanniense – S. boreale – S. welshii complex and Symphyotrichum lanceolatum, provided significant statistical support for recognizing four distinct taxa. Within the S. nahanniense – S. boreale – S. welshii complex itself, discriminant analysis of 103 specimens reinforced treating the three groups as separate species. The analyses also revealed useful morphological traits that could be used to identify each taxon within the complex. Furthermore, comparisons were made among the four known populations of S. nahanniense. The results also indicated that the range of S. welshii is larger than previously reported and includes Utah, western Wyoming, and rarely further north in Montana and Idaho. Chromosome numbers are reported for Symphyotrichum boreale (2n = 16, first report for Wyoming; 2n = 48, first report for this taxon), S. lanceolatum subsp. hesperium (2n = 64, first reports for Northwest Territories, Canada), S. nahanniense (2n = 16, first reports for this taxon), and S. welshii (2n = 16, first reports for this taxon).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".