Tidal Controls on the Morphology and Sedimentology of Gravel-Dominated Deltas and Beaches: Examples from the Megatidal Bay of Fundy, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Comparison of two gravel deltas and a gravel beach in the megatidal Bay of Fundy provides insights into tidal influences on gravel-dominated coastlines. Tidal effects on the morphology and sedimentology of the three systems are manifest as: a consistent onshore to offshore topography of the intertidal zone; deep incision of fluvial and tidal channels at the landward end of each system; and the occurrence of these deposits with salt marshes. Indirect morphological and sedimentological manifestations of tides include control on the height of surf-zone bars developed within the intertidal zone; extensive mud deposition (passive association with surf zone bars); and the potential preservation of thick gravel deposits, particularly in transgressive systems. The only direct sedimentological indicators of tides are bidirectional bedforms developed where onshore-directed high-angle cross bedding and offshore-directed trough cross bedding are interbedded. The presence of mud in relation to these bidirectional bedforms provides further evidence of tidal influence within conglomerate systems. Interestingly, no sedimentological characteristics of megatidal conditions are recognized. The results of this research suggest that, although there are a few morphological and sedimentological characteristics that are indicative of tidal deposition, the reliable recognition of tidal control on the deposition of conglomerates requires identifying at least two or three sedimentological characteristics that may have developed as a result of tidal depositional processes. These include: (1) a sharp change upwards in bedding dips, in a vertical succession of upper-shoreface to foreshore deposits; (2) anomalously thick gravel sequences, particularly in transgressive settings; (3) association of gravel beaches and deltas with salt-marsh deposits; and (4) an increase in the amount and extent of mud deposition in conglomeratic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".