Novel Nitrogen Rich Polymers and Chitosan for Tissue Engineering of Intervertebral Discs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease has been implicated as a major component of spine pathology. However, though biological repair of the degenerate disc would be the ideal treatment, there is a lack of a universally accepted scaffold for tissue engineering of intervertebral discs (IVD) and little is known of how to differentiate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a disc-like phenotype. We show that 2.5% Protasan® UP G213 cross-linked to 5% genipin might be a promising scaffold for disc tissue engineering. Furthermore, we have developed extremely N-rich plasma polymer layers, which we call "PPE:N" (N-doped plasma-polymerized ethylene, containing up to 36% [N]). We show that PPE:N almost completely suppresses the expression not only of type X collagen, but also of osteogenic marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC). In contrast, neither aggrecan nor types 1 collagen expression were significantly affected. These results indicate that PPE:N coatings may be suitable surfaces for inducing MSCs to a chondrocyte or disc-like phenotype for tissue engineering of cartilage or IVDs, in which hypertrophy and osteogenesis are suppressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".