Low-power CMOS integrated circuits for radio frequency applications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents results for a mixer, two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and a frequency doubler (FD) suitable for low-power CMOS radio frequency (RF) systems. Results are first described for a mixer which uses the body terminal of the transistor as one of the inputs to down-convert a 1.9 GHz RF signal to a 250 MHz intermediate-frequency signal. Next, two VCOs are described. The first VCO is an ultra-low-power oscillator designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz industrial scientific medical band with a supply of 0.4 V. The second VCO described is a fully integrated LC-tank VCO with automatic amplitude control operating at 4 GHz. Frequency tuning for this VCO is performed by accessing the body of cross-coupled transistors of the VCO core. Finally, a wideband, low-power implementation of a frequency doubler is presented. The frequency doubler consists of two identical unbalanced source-coupled pairs with different W/L ratios, whose inputs are connected in parallel and its output taken single-ended. The FD is based on the MOS transistor in saturation. All circuits were designed in a deep n-well 0.18 μm technology, allowing application of different potentials to the body of different NMOS transistors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it