Clinical Significance of Leukotriene B4 and Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (EMMPRIN) have been suggested as modulators of atherosclerotic plaque instability. This study sought to evaluate the potential diagnostic implication of LTB4 and EMMPRIN in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Patients (n=153) who underwent coronary angiography, including 105 patients diagnosed with ACS, were divided into four groups: stable angina pectoris (SAP, n=19), unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n=39), acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=66) and control (with normal coronary angiography, n=29). EMMPRIN expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by flow cytometry and serum LTB4 levels were measured by ELISA. To examine whether LTB4 can regulate the expression of EMMPRIN and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in macrophages, differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with different concentrations of LTB4 (10-10-10-7mmol/L). Expression of EMMPRIN was evaluated by Western blotting. MMP-9 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity were determined by RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE gelatin zymography. RESULT: Serum LTB4 concentration was significantly higher in AMI and UAP groups, compared with control and SAP groups (p < 0.01). Subgroups analysis showed that LTB4 was significantly higher in the AMI < 24h group, compared with the AMI > 24h group. Expression of EMMPRIN on circulating monocytes was significantly higher in patients with UAP and AMI (> 24h), compared with control, SAP and AMI (< 24h) groups (p < 0.05). In vitro study showed LTB4 up-regulated the expression of EMMPRIN, as well as the expression and activity of MMP-9, in cultured THP-1-derived macrophages (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LTB4 and EMMPRIN are associated with the pathogenesis of ACS and may be potential biomarkers for patients with ACS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".