Quantification of factors impacting seawater and calcite δ<sup>18</sup>O during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 4
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We perform idealized experiments of a Heinrich Stadial using an oxygen‐isotope‐enabled Earth System Climate Model. Our results compare relatively well with the planktic and benthic δ 18 O records of Heinrich Stadials 1 and 4. We find that changes in surface can be equally attributed to the “temperature effect” due to fractionation during calcification; the “circulation and climate effect” due to changes in circulation, precipitation, and evaporation; and the “meltwater effect” due to the addition and subsequent advection of depleted fresh water from continental ice sheets. In contrast, the meltwater effect and circulation and climate effect have only a small impact on benthic during the cessation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Significant temperature changes simulated in both the deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans substantially influence benthic during that time. During the AMOC recovery, however, anomalously low surface waters are advected to the deep Atlantic, thus generating a large (∼0.5‰) decrease in the deep North Atlantic. This is in contrast to a hypothesis that links such depletion seen in Atlantic sediment cores during the last glacial stadials to deepwater formation caused by brine rejection and sea ice formation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it