Hydrogen transfer from formic acid to alkynes catalyzed by a diruthenium complex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The diruthenium(0) complex [Ru 2 (µ-CO)(CO) 4 (µ-dppm) 2 ] (1) (dppm = Ph 2 PCH 2 PPh 2 ), is a catalyst for the transfer hydrogenation, using formic acid as hydrogen donor, of the alkynes PhCºCPh, PhCºCMe, EtCºCEt, and PrCºCPr but not of the terminal alkynes HCºCH, PhCºCH, BuCºCH, or the alkynes containing one or two electron-withdrawing substituents PhCºCCO 2 Me and MeO 2 CCtriple bondCCO 2 Me. In the successful reactions, the formic acid is first decomposed to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which then hydrogenates the alkynes in a slower reaction. In the unsuccessful reactions, the decomposition of formic acid is strongly retarded by the alkyne. In the case with the alkyne PhCºCH, it is shown that the alkyne reacts with protonated 1 to give first [Ru 2 (µ-CPh=CH 2 )(CO) 4 (µ-dppm) 2 ][HCO 2 ], which then isomerizes to give the catalytically inactive, stable complex [Ru 2 (µ-CH=CHPh)(CO) 4 (µ-dppm) 2 ][HCO 2 ]. This complex has been structurally characterized and both of the µ-styrenyl complexes are shown to be fluxional in solution.Key words: ruthenium, hydrogenation, catalysis, binuclear..
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".