Genes for multicopper proteins and laccase activity: common features in plant-associated<i>Fusarium</i>isolates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eight Fusarium isolates from diverse plant habitats produced laccase activities when cultured on low-carbon medium. Three sequences with high homology to laccase genes were detected in the genome of Fusarium proliferatum, NRRL 31071, an opportunistic pathogen of wheat (Triticum spp.). The sequences aligned with laccase genes from Ascomycetes, whereas genes from other fungal taxonomic groups and from plants grouped separately. Sequences for related multicopper oxidases with ascorbate oxidase activity were also separated discretely. A fourth sequence from NRRL 31071 had highest homology to genes for multicopper proteins associated with ferrooxidase activities in yeasts. Each of the four sequences had high homology to sequences within the genome of a ligninolytic F. proliferatum from forest soil. RFLP analysis of the genomes of three other F. proliferatum isolates and a phylogenetically closely related isolate, Fusarium fujikuroi, showed that fragments hybridizing with the four multicopper oxidase genes were similar in size to those from the NRRL 31071 genome. Weaker hybridization was observed with the phylogenetically more distant Fusarium anthophilum. No hybridization was observed with an isolate of Fusarium culmorum, a wheat pathogen, from a different section of the genus Fusarium, although this isolate produced laccases.Key words: ferrooxidase, Fusarium proliferatum, laccase, multicopper oxidase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".