Is undiagnosed synaesthesia a confounding factor in the interpretation of MRI images?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synaesthesia is a condition in which stimulation of a sensory modality evokes another sensation in the same or a different sensory modality. Currently, synaesthesia is considered a neurological condition that involves crosstalk between brain regions. Given the numerous anatomical and functional connections within the brain, it is possible that undiagnosed synaesthesia may influence the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies or even structural MRI. In this paper, we investigated the currently available literature to determine if and how the sensations invoked by synaesthesia could impact fMRI and structural MRI. Our investigation found that synaesthesia can have a profound impact on fMRI studies of sensory and cognitive functions, and there is evidence to suggest structural connections in the brain are also altered. Given the low prevalence of synaesthesia, the likelihood of synaesthesia being a confounding factor in fMRI studies of patient groups is small; however, determining the presence of synaesthesia is important for investigating individual patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".