Changes in aquatic vegetation and fish communities following 5 years of sustained low water levels in coastal marshes of eastern <scp>G</scp>eorgian <scp>B</scp>ay, <scp>L</scp>ake <scp>H</scp>uron
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aquatic vegetation in the relatively pristine coastal wetlands of eastern G eorgian B ay provides critical habitat for a diverse fish community. Declining water levels in L ake H uron over the past decade, however, have altered the wetland plant assemblages in favour of terrestrial (emergent and meadow) taxa and have thus reduced or eliminated this important ecosystem service. In this study, we compared IKONOS satellite images for two regions of eastern G eorgian B ay (acquired in 2002 and 2008) to determine significant changes in cover of four distinct wetland vegetation groups [meadow ( M ), emergent ( E ), high‐density floating ( HD ) and low‐density floating ( LD )] over the 6 years. While LD decreased significantly (mean −2995.4 m 2 ), M and HD increased significantly (mean +2020.9 m 2 and +2312.6 m 2 , respectively) between 2002 and 2008. Small patches of LD had been replaced by larger patches of HD . These results show that sustained low water levels have led to an increasingly homogeneous habitat and an overall net loss of fish habitat. A comparison of the fish communities sampled between 2003 and 2005 with those sampled in 2009 revealed that there was a significant decline in species richness. The remaining fish communities were also more homogeneous. We suggest that the observed changes in the wetland plant community due to prolonged low water levels may have resulted in significant changes in the fish communities of coastal wetlands in eastern G eorgian B ay.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it