Varenicline decreases nicotine self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behaviour in rats when a long pretreatment time is used
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effects of varenicline (Champix), a nicotinic partial agonist, were evaluated on subjective effects of nicotine (drug discrimination), motivation for nicotine taking (progressive-ratio schedule of intravenous nicotine self-administration) and reinstatement (cue-induced reinstatement of previously extinguished nicotine-seeking behaviour). Effects on motor performance were assessed in rats trained to discriminate nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) from saline under a fixed-ratio (FR 10) schedule of food delivery and in rats trained to respond for food under a progressive-ratio schedule. At short pretreatment times (5-40 min), varenicline produced full or high levels of partial generalization to nicotine's discriminative-stimulus effects and disrupted responding for food, while there were low levels of partial generalization and no disruption of responding for food at 2- or 4-h pretreatment times. Varenicline (1 and 3 mg/kg, 2-h pretreatment time) enhanced discrimination of low doses of nicotine and to a small extent decreased discrimination of the training dose of nicotine. It also dose-dependently decreased nicotine-taking behaviour, but had no effect on food-taking behaviour under progressive-ratio schedules. Finally, varenicline significantly reduced the ability of a nicotine-associated cue to reinstate extinguished nicotine-seeking behaviour. The ability of varenicline to reduce both nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behaviour can contribute to its relatively high efficacy in treating human smokers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it