Combined-Flow Processes and Sedimentary Structures on the Shoreface of the Wave-Dominated Grande-Riviere-de-la-Baleine Delta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Shoreface sediments exposed in raised deltaic deposits along the Hudson Bay coast are characterized by a thick succession of predominantly parallel-laminated and small-scale cross-laminated fine sand. Ripple forms, where preserved, include both combined-flow and wave-ripple geometries. Hummocky cross stratification is present in lower parts of the section. Similar facies have been found in cores from the present-day shoreface. Measurements of waves, currents, and suspended sediment concentrations in 10 m water depth, conducted over a 15-day period in the fall of 1999, captured four different meteorological periods. These included an intense four-day storm which sustained significant wave heights over 3 m for 15 hours and a storm surge of over 1 m height. Fair-weather conditions produce weak alongshore tidal flows, but oscillatory motions generated by small local waves predominate. During storms, orbital motions dominate the flow but a strong inertial flow generated by wind forcing is also present. Comparison with a published combined-flow bedform-stability diagram suggests that the predominant bedforms at 10 m depth would be small 2-D wave-dominated ripples and small, weakly asymmetrical 3-D ripples under fair-weather conditions and large 3-D ripples and upper plane bed under storm wave conditions. The predominantly interbedded parallel-laminated and small-scale cross-laminated facies is therefore interpreted to be characteristic of the upper shoreface, where the seabed experiences intense oscillatory motions under all storms and even some fair-weather conditions. Combined-flow ripples would form during storm events because of the stronger wind-driven mean residual current. Hummocky cross-stratification forms in deeper water during storms where the ratio of maximum orbital velocity to mean residual current velocity remains for longer periods in the large 3-D ripple field during the waning phase of storms. A numerical bed predictor model, using the 15-day data set as input, also suggests bimodal conditions fluctuating between wave ripples and upper plane bed at 10 m water depth. This model further indicates that combined-flow ripples would form rarely, but tends to underestimate the threshold of sediment suspension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".