Prognostic significance of KAI1/CD82 in human melanoma and its role in cell migration and invasion through the regulation of ING4
Bibliographic record
Abstract
KAI1/CD82 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, which was first identified as a metastasis suppressor for prostate cancer. The expression of KAI1 was found to be reduced in many types of cancers, including prostate, breast, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancer. However, the role of KAI1 in melanoma pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we investigated the expression level of KAI1 in a large set of melanocytic lesions at different stages. We found that the expression of KAI1 is significantly decreased during melanoma progression. In fact, KAI1 expression is drastically reduced in primary melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi (P = 1.8×10(-4)) and further reduced in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma (P = 9.4 × 10(-15)). Furthermore, decreased KAI1 staining is strongly correlated with a worse 5 year and 10 year patient survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that KAI1 is also an independent prognostic factor for both 5 year and 10 year survival. Moreover, we found that overexpression of KAI1 significantly inhibited melanoma cell migration through suppression of Rho-associated kinase-mediated formation of stress fiber. Our data also suggested that overexpression of KAI1 significantly inhibited melanoma cell invasion by reducing the activity of metalloproteinase-2. In addition, we found that suppression of melanoma cell migration by KAI1 is mediated by another tumor-suppressor protein called inhibitor of growth 4 through the regulation of p65. Taken together, our data suggest that KAI1 may be used as a promising prognostic marker and a possible therapeutic target for human melanoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".