Association between non-responsiveness to plant sterol intervention and polymorphisms in cholesterol metabolism genes: a case-control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant sterol (PS) consumption decreases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; however, high variability of responsiveness of lipid levels to PS intervention has been observed. We hypothesized that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for the ATP binding cassette proteins G5 (ABCG5) and G8 (ABCG8), Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), or other proteins of the cholesterol pathway, would underline inter-individual variations in response to PS. Twenty-six hyperlipidemic subjects completed a randomized trial of 3 PS phases and a control phase. Three non-responders were identified who failed on 3 consecutive occasions to decrease either total cholesterol or LDL-C level vs. control. It was observed that after 3 PS phases compared with a control phase, cholesterol absorption changed to a lesser degree (-7.7% +/- 10.8%) in the non-responders than in the top 3 responders (-22.1% +/- 8.8%); however, cholesterol synthesis rates did not differ between sub-groups. No common polymorphisms in ABCG8, ABCG5, or NPC1L1 were demonstrated between the 3 top responders and the non-responders. Yet, 1 non-responsive subject did demonstrate a rare SNP in NPC1L1. Results indicate PS intake did not decrease cholesterol absorption rates to the same degree in certain subjects, possibly clarifying the inter-individual variability in the cholesterol-lowering effect; hence, this work should be expanded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".