Patterns of genetic differentiation between two co-occurring demersal species: the red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The accurate identification of genetic partitioning is of primarily importance when devising conservation management strategies for today’s marine resources. The great variety of genetic structure displayed by demersal species underscores the need for the identification of common patterns that can be found across species. Here, we analyse allele frequency variation at 10 microsatellite loci of two congener demersal fish, the red mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) and the striped red mullet ( Mullus surmuletus ), from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. The results indicate that two different gene flow patterns exist between these species. The red mullet’s genetic distribution was found to be highly structured, resembling that of a metapopulation composed by independent, self-recruiting subpopulations with some connections between them. The striped red mullet displayed less genetic heterogeneity within the Mediterranean Sea and a substantial gene flow reduction between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Our results indicate that gene flow patterns in the demersal environment can be substantially different between closely related species with highly comparable biology, suggesting that biogeographic boundaries can affect demersal species in a different way despite common ecological features and spatial overlap. We conclude that the delimitation of such boundaries could be determined by the fine differences in life history traits between species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".