Thrombogenicity of radiofrequency ablation procedures: what factors influence thrombin generation?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Thromboembolic complications have been reported after radiofrequency ablation but the low incidence of overt clinical events has been a limitation to the study of factors affecting thrombogenic risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether radiofrequency ablation has a procoagulant effect and to examine variables that affect thrombio generation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-seven consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation were studied prospectively. Blood samples were assayed for thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) and d-dimer (DD) at five different time points: (1) baseline; (2) after sheath insertion; (3) after electrophysiological study but before radiofrequency ablation; (4) at completion of the procedure; and (5) 24 h post-procedure. TAT levels were within the normal range at baseline and increased significantly after sheath insertion from 2.1 +/- 1.2 microg l(-1) to 13.3 +/- 16.0 microg l(-1) (P<0.01). Levels increased further to 24.0 +/- 19.9 microg l(-1) (P<0.01) after electrophysiological study but did not increase after radiofrequency ablation. TAT normalized at 24 h. DD increased significantly from baseline values (230.2 +/- 176.8 ng ml(-1)) to 285.4 +/- 237.4 ng ml(-1) (P=0.019) after sheath insertion. There was a further significant increase after electrophysiological study to 423.4 +/- 324.3 ng ml(-1) (P<0.01), and a slight but non-significant increase to 464.4 +/- 307.4 ng ml(-1) after radiofrequency ablation (P=0.159). DD remained elevated at 24 h. Procedure duration was the only variable that correlated with the relative increase in TAT and DD. The patients with the longest procedure durations had more catheters inserted, more radiofrequency applications and largely consisted of accessory bypass tract-mediated tachycardias. Heparin administration significantly blunted the relative increase in TAT after radiofrequency ablation (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation procedures confer an increased risk of thrombosis. Catheterization and diagnostic study contribute largely to the thrombogenic stimulus. Thrombogenicity is increased in prolonged, complex procedures and is decreased in patients who have been administered heparin during the procedure.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it