Postnatal development of cholinergic synapses on mouse spinal motoneurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following birth, when mammals are relatively immobile, significant development of the motor system facilitates weight bearing and locomotion. Prominent cholinergic C-terminals develop on somata and proximal dendrites of spinal motoneurons during this time period. It is hypothesized that these terminals are essential in regulating motoneuron excitability and thus their development contributes to motor system maturation. Therefore, the development of pre- and postsynaptic components of the C-terminal synapse on motoneurons in mice during the early postnatal period was investigated. Fluorescence immunohistochemical studies revealed that developmental increases in punctate labeling of presynaptic cholinergic terminals, as visualized by vesicular acetylcholine transporter immunoreactivity (VAChT-IR) corresponded to the progressive expression and spatial restriction of immunoreactivity for the calcium channel subunit alpha(1)2.2 (N-type) located presynaptically and the muscarinic type 2 acetylcholine receptor situated postsynaptically. In addition, clustering of immunoreactivity for the potassium channel subunit K(V)2.1 occurred within the early postnatal period in concert and colocalized with the maturation of the C-terminals. The time course of development of these components of the C-terminal synapse corresponds to the maturation of the motor system that enables the animal to locomote in an adult-like fashion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".