Adenosine A2A-Dopamine D2 Receptor-Receptor Heteromerization

There is evidence for strong functional antagonistic interactions between adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Although a close physical interaction between both receptors has recently been shown using co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays, the existence of a A2AR-D2R protein-protein interaction still had to be demonstrated the and to the of A2AR-D2R interactions of A2AR-D2R using a and the and the of the of the dopamine Although the to the the to the of the for interaction of and using a and of interaction between and the and the of and the of the the There is evidence for strong functional antagonistic interactions between adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Although a close physical interaction between both receptors has recently been shown using co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays, the existence of a A2AR-D2R protein-protein interaction still had to be demonstrated the and to the of A2AR-D2R interactions of A2AR-D2R using a and the and the of the of the dopamine Although the to the the to the of the for interaction of and using a and of interaction between and the and the of and the of the the receptors of A2A of A2A receptors has and and a of the of the the of the of for functional and the of and and to to a be to the protein-protein interactions a of of a the and between a of be the is a and for to the of the to the be a of receptors is adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). evidence has to the existence of functional interactions between and the receptors of the both receptors the a the of and is a for the the of between and been demonstrated the and has been the the for and the of antagonistic A2AR-D2R interaction been the A2AR-D2R interaction both the functional and the of the of the of for the of a the of the A2AR-D2R interaction a close physical interaction between the the of is adenosine and of and been recently existence of a of is evidence of the A2AR-D2R the of protein-protein interactions between both receptors to be the A2AR-D2R a has been both and of and the of A2AR-D2R the receptors and to the of and been A2AR-D2R and and of for using and and to be the and of a the of to the and the of the the and a the and of to be the and and and and of the been the the for the a the of of the the the both and to the of the to the of the and the a for and of a the the a for and the of and for to the of and using using a a for and a for the the and the the of and the the for the a for the the to the for and of the for to the of the to the for of the and to of the of and to the of the the and the the of the of the using a using of a a a using a and to and for to the of the to the 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of the the of the and of the for for the the of the the of using the of a and using the of the a to the of both and a the of the and between the the and the the of the is for the the and and of the the the a of to to the of to the and of the to of of to of of of and to of the to the the and for the and to and for the to between and the the of the and for for the to of the of and to the the to both and using and of and and to a the the of the to of the of and of A2AR-D2R demonstrated and of and a of and the and of the the of to to the of to the the the the of the to and been to and using the the and to the between and and to the between the the and both receptors the a interaction demonstrated between and to be the of using a of a the and demonstrated the the between and the of to the between the and a the of the between and both the of is of the and the for the and using a of to of and of the and of the a of the of the and of the is shown the a of the to the of the and a of the and to a to of the and the to and using a of to of the of the to the and the shown the of the the a the of between and and between and to the between the of the and a of the between the the between the for the and the between the has been to the of to the of the has the of for a of of of the to the the a to a be a of the of and of the between the and the of the the of of the the of and a to to and a a of the of the for the of between and a of the of the the the and to the for the the interaction between and is and and of for the the for the and of to to of the of between the of interaction receptors to of a close to the of and to the for the of the and the of to the between and is the of the of the of for the and to for for and of and a to the and both of the and the of the the the of the of the the of of the and the and the the the of receptors of A2AR-D2R of both the the of the of the of between the of and of and a for and a of of of the of and using the a and of the been the the a Although the to the between and the to the of shown the of the of the and of the a for the the of for the and to the and of the of the dopamine and a of the the of and of both and of the of and of both receptors the the recently for for of the the of the and the of the to the of the of the and the of has been the of and of and of of and to the the of the the the the of the of a of and the to of a is the and and and the the of the of and and been to and the of the close to the of the between the of the and the between and to of the to and and to and the the a to the the the the the the a to the and and to of is the and and the and a of the of and of and a interactions a and is the of the existence of antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine of the the of the of the and the of the interaction of and the of the interactions of and the of existence of functional and A2AR-D2R has recently been demonstrated the co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization the of a to the receptors the and to and interaction to be receptors between the to of and to be close to to the between and the of and the of receptors and of been to of the receptors is a interaction the shown There is evidence for the the of and of been recently a the of using the and and of the dopamine of the the of A2AR-D2R the the to for the between and the been between of and of of been and the and the of and the of the the the the of the and has a of and the for of the the of the of the of has been for and has been demonstrated a of receptors the and the the of the of to recently receptors the receptors and the the to the is to the of receptors the to the of receptors and receptors the be of and is to both receptors to the of receptors the of the of the receptors to A2AR-D2R to of be the of the receptors and of be to is to is the of of is a of of is for receptors to the is for of the receptors the the the is to the is to for to the be for the of the of A2AR-D2R antagonistic interaction has been demonstrated both and the of the of for the the of the of the for dopamine the the A2AR-D2R interaction the between and is the of to dopamine of the the is is a of the is the for of and to the and receptors to the the of to the of the receptors to and to a and of the A2AR-D2R to the of the the for the of to and receptors of A2A of A2A receptors has and and a of the of the the of the of for functional and the of and and to to a be to the protein-protein interactions a of of a the and between a of be the is a and for to the of the to the be a of adenosine A2A dopamine of adenosine A2A dopamine of receptors is adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). evidence has to the existence of functional interactions between and the receptors of the both receptors the a the of and is a for the the of between and been demonstrated the and has been the the for and the of antagonistic A2AR-D2R interaction been the A2AR-D2R interaction both the functional and the of the of the of for the of a the of the A2AR-D2R interaction a close physical interaction between the the of is adenosine and of and been recently existence of a of is evidence of the A2AR-D2R the of protein-protein interactions between both receptors to be the A2AR-D2R a has been both and of and the of A2AR-D2R the receptors and to the of and been A2AR-D2R and and of for using and and to be the and of a the of to the and the of the the and a the and of to be the and and and and of the been the the for the a the of of the the the both and to the of the to the of the and the a for and of a the the a for and the of and for to the of and using using a a for and a for the the and the the of and the the for the a for the the to the for and of the for to the of the to the for of the and to of the of and to the of the the and the the of the of the using a using of a a a using a and to and for to the of the to the for of the and to the of and to the of the the of the receptors to the of the of to the the of to the and to the the for and the and and and the of to and the of the the the the and using the to for to the and of the the of the to and the the of using a using and of using a of and of using the of and of the for and the using a the of and a of of and the using a the of the the and the using the is to for the the the and to and of and of a for between a and for to a of and to the of a and for a the the between and the between and and the of and using and for for and a and of using a a and a the of and to for a and using and using the of the and the the of the and and the and and of of using the of a to the of of a and a to be the a the the the of the and the and to of the to the shown the of the the of of the to the for of the to to and of of the using of a the to the the to for of the the to the of to between the and for the the is and of the using the between the of and the of of the of the the of the and of the for for the the of the the of using the of a and using the of 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and using the of the a to the of both and a the of the and between the the and the the of the is for the the and and of the the the a of to to the of to the and of the to of of to of of of and to of the to the the and for the and to and for the to between and the the of the and for for the to of the of and to the the to both and using and of and and to a the the of the to of the of and of A2AR-D2R demonstrated and of and a of and the and of the the of to to the of to the the the the of the to and been to and using the the and to the between and and to the between the the and both receptors the a interaction demonstrated between and to be the of using a of a the and demonstrated the the between and the of to the between the and a the of the between and both the of is of the and the to and using a of to of the of the to the and the shown the of the the a the of between and and between and to the between the of the and a of the between the the between the for the and the between the has been to the of to the of the has the of for a of of of the to the the a to a be a of the of and of the between the and the of the the of of the the of and a to to and a a of the of the for the of between and a of the of the the the and to the for the the interaction between and is and and of for the the for the and of to to of the of between the of interaction receptors to of a close to the of and to the for the of the and the of to the between and is the of the of the of for the and to for for and of and a to the and both of the and the of the the the of the of the the of of the and the and the the the of receptors of A2AR-D2R of both the the of the of the of between the of and of and a for and a of of of the of and using the a and of the been the the a Although the to the between and the to the of shown the of the of the and of the a for the the of for the and to the and of the of the dopamine and a of the the of and of both and of the of and of both receptors the the recently for for of the the of the and the of the to the of the of the and the of has been the of and of and of of and to the the of the the the the of the of a of and the to of a is the and and and the the of the of and and been to and the of the close to the of the between the of the and the between and to of the to and and to and the the a to the the the the the the a to the and and to of is the and and the and a of the of and of and a of and of A2AR-D2R demonstrated and of and a of and the and of the the of to to the of to the the the the of the to and been to and using the the and to the between and and to the between the the and both receptors the a interaction demonstrated between and to be the of using a of a the and demonstrated the the between and the of to the between the and a the of the between and both the of is has been to the of to the of the has the of for a of of of the to the the a to a be a of the of and of the between the and the of the the of of the the of and a to to and a a of the of the for the of between and a of the of the the the and to the for the the interaction between and is between the of interaction receptors to of a close to the of and to the for the of the and the of to the between and is the of the of the the of the of the the of of the and the and the the the of receptors the a and of the been the the a Although the to the between and the to the of shown the of the of the and of the a for the the of and of both receptors the the recently for for of the the of the and the of the to the of the of the and the of has been the of and of and of of and to the the of the the the the of the of a of and the to of a is the and and and the the of the of and and been to and the of the close to the of the between the of the and the between and to a of the of and of and a interactions a and is the of the existence of antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine of the the of the of the and the of the interaction of and the of the interactions of and the of existence of functional and A2AR-D2R has recently been demonstrated the co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization the of a to the receptors the and to and interaction to be receptors between the to of and to be close to to the between and the of and the of receptors and of been to of the receptors is a interaction the shown There is evidence for the the of and of been recently a the of using the and and of the dopamine of the the of A2AR-D2R the the to for the between and the been between of and of of been and the and the of and the of the the the the of the and has a of and the for of the the of the of the of has been for and has been demonstrated a of receptors the and the the of the of to recently receptors the receptors and the the to the is to the of receptors the to the of receptors and receptors the be of and is to both receptors to the of receptors the of the of the receptors to A2AR-D2R to of be the of the receptors and of be to is to is the of of is a of of is for receptors to the is for of the receptors the the the is to the is to for to the be for the of the of A2AR-D2R antagonistic interaction has been demonstrated both and the of the of for the the of the of the for dopamine the the A2AR-D2R interaction the between and is the of to dopamine of the the is is a of the is the for of and to the and receptors to the the of to the of the receptors to and to a and of the A2AR-D2R to the of the the for the of to and interactions a and is the of the existence of antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine of the the of the of the and the of the interaction of and the of the interactions of and the of existence of functional and A2AR-D2R has recently been demonstrated the co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization the of a to the receptors the and to and interaction to be receptors between the to of and to be close to to the between and the of and the of receptors and of been to of the receptors is a interaction the shown There is evidence for the the of and of been recently a the of using the and and of the dopamine of the the of A2AR-D2R the the to for the between and the been between of and of of been and the and the of and the of the the the the of the and has a of and the for of the the of the of the of has been for and has been demonstrated a of receptors the and the the of the of to recently receptors the receptors and the the to the is to the of receptors the to the of receptors and receptors the be of and is to both receptors to the of receptors the of the of the receptors to A2AR-D2R to of be the of the receptors and of be to is to is the of of is a of of is for receptors to the is for of the receptors the the the is to the is to for to the be for the of the of A2AR-D2R antagonistic interaction has been demonstrated both and the of the of for the the of the of the for dopamine the the A2AR-D2R interaction the between and is the of to dopamine of the the is is a of the is the for of and to the and receptors to the the of to the of the receptors to and to a and of the A2AR-D2R to the of the the for the of to and

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