Nondeterministic Bimachines and Rational Relations with Finite Codomain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bimachines are important conceptual tools used for the characterization of rational word functions (realized by single-valued transducers). Despite the attention received in the past, these sequential machines are far from being exhaustively studied. A natural question which has not been addressed so far is what family of transductions are realized by bimachines that operate nondeterministically. We show that these machines characterize input-unambiguous (IU) rational transductions, i.e., those transductions that can be written as a composition of rational functions and finite substitutions. Two more families of rational transductions are defined and related in a natural way to IU transductions: input-deterministic transductions and rational transductions with finite codomain (FC). We have shown that FC transductions are recognizable and that they can be expressed as finite union of subsequential functions. Moreover, they can be realized by nondeterministic bimachines. Finally, we have defined the so called restricted nondeterministic bimachines and shown that, surprisingly, they are more powerful than nondeterministic bimachines: they characterize exactly the family of finitely ambiguous rational transductions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".