Significance of changes in TNF-α and IL-10 levels in the progression of heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested whether a decrease in the ratio of interleukin-10 (IL-10) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) correlates with the decrease in cardiac function in heart failure. It has been suggested that TNF-alpha plays a role in the progression of heart failure, and the effect of TNF-alpha in many tissues is modulated by IL-10. Any relation of these two cytokines to heart failure has never been examined. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamic techniques in coronary artery-ligated rats at 1, 4, 8, and 16 wk after myocardial infarction (MI). Membrane-bound and soluble fractions of TNF-alpha and IL-10 proteins, the ratio of TNF-alpha to IL-10, and TNF-alpha and IL-10 mRNA levels were analyzed. Losartan was used to modify cardiac function in rats 4 wk after MI to further validate the relation between the IL-10-to-TNF-alpha ratio and cardiac function. Cardiac function deteriorated with time in all coronary artery-ligated groups, with severe failure at 16 wk after MI. Membrane-bound and soluble TNF-alpha protein fractions were increased 1 and 4 wk after MI, whereas TNF-alpha mRNA was increased 4 and 8 wk after MI. Membrane-bound IL-10 protein and mRNA levels were decreased 4, 8, and 16 wk after MI. The decrease in the IL-10-to-TNF-alpha protein ratio in all coronary artery-ligated groups correlated with the depressed cardiac function. Losartan improved cardiac function, membrane-bound and soluble TNF-alpha and IL-10 protein levels, the ratio of IL-10 to TNF-alpha, and IL-10 mRNA. This study suggests that a decrease in IL-10 and IL-10-to-TNF-alpha ratio correlates with depressed cardiac function.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it