Electrically conductive thermoplastic blends for injection and compression molding of bipolar plates in the fuel cell application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed at developing highly conductive, lightweight, and low‐cost bipolar plates for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Injection and compression molding of carbon‐filled polypropylene, PP, and polyphenylene sulfide, PPS, were used to fabricate the bipolar plates. Loadings up to 60 wt% in the form of graphite, conductive carbon black, and carbon fibers were investigated. The developed compositions have a combination of properties and processability suitable for fuel cell bipolar plate manufacturing, such as good chemical resistance, sufficient fluidity, and good electrical and thermal conductivity. Two bipolar plate designs were successfully fabricated by molding the gas flow channels over aluminum plates to form a metallic/polymer composite plate or simply by direct injection molding of the conductive polymer composite. For the first design, overall plate volume resistivities of 0.2 and 0.1 Ohm‐cm were respectively attained using PP and PPS based blends as the conductive overmolded layer. A lower volume resistivity of around 0.06 Ohm‐cm was attained for the second design with injection molded plates made of the PPS‐based blend. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1755–1765, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".