Dehydration dynamics of potatoes in superheated steam and hot air
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tang, Z. and Cenkowski, S. 2000. Dehydration dynamics of potatoes in superheated steam and hot air. Can. Agric. Eng. 42:043-049. Superheated-steam at atmospheric pressure is an alternative drying medium for dehydrating materials insensitive to temperature equal to or above 100°C. This research compared the dehydration characteristics, temperature histories, drying rates, and overall moisture diffusivities of cylindrical potato samples exposed to superheated steam and hot air at 125, 145, and 165°C. A small amount of moisture (0.18 to 0.47 kg/kg db, dry basis) dependent on the steam temperature was gained from steam condensation on the sample surface during the warm-up period from the superheated-steam. The temperature of the drying medium had a greater effect on the drying rate, overall moisture diffusivity, and consequently dehydration time for the superheatedsteam dehydration than for the hot-air dehydration. Increasing the temperature from 125 to 165°C decreased the dehydration time by 60 and 24% for the superheated-steam and hot-air dehydration, respectively. A constant-rate drying period was only observed with superheated steam at 125 and 145°C. There existed an inversion temperature point between 145 to 165°C for the first dehydration stage
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".