Uterine immune reaction and reproductive performance of sows inseminated with extended semen and infused with pooled whole dead semen1,2,3
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of infusing whole dead semen (WDS) after AI with diluted commercial semen on uterine inflammatory reaction and embryonic survival rate in gilts. Sixty Yorkshire-Landrace gilts were assigned at their second estrus to one of the following AI treatments: 1) commercial semen adjusted to 1 x 10(9) sperm cells (S1) per dose, followed by an infusion of 80 mL of WDS (S1-WDS); 2) S1 followed by an infusion of 80 mL of Beltsville Thawing Solution (S1-BTS); 3) commercial semen adjusted to 3 x 10(9) sperm cells (S3) per dose, followed by an infusion of 80 mL of BTS (S3-BTS); and 4) a negative control group, in which gilts received two infusions of 80 mL of BTS (BTS). Two days after the first AI, eight gilts from Groups 1, 2, and 4 were slaughtered and reproductive tracts were collected. One horn was cut open longitudinally along the antimesometrial aspect and endometrial samples were taken and immediately frozen for analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance for inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. The other horn was flushed with 20 mL of PBS, and the contents of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were determined by ELISA. On d 25 after AI, gilts from Groups 1, 2, and 3 were slaughtered and their reproductive tracts were collected to evaluate the number of fetuses and corpora lutea. On d 2 after the first AI, only TGF-beta1 was detected in the flush of all gilts, and no difference was observed between S1-WDS, S1-BTS, and BTS gilts. Endometrial levels of IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA were marked in all gilts, but they were not affected by the AI treatments, whereas the mRNA abundances for IL-1 and IL-2 were negligible. Infusions of WDS or BTS after a fertile AI did not affect IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, or IGF-II mRNA levels compared with gilts infused with BTS only, whereas the mRNA abundance for the IGF-II receptor was decreased (P < 0.05) in WDS-infused gilts. In gilts inseminated with S1 doses, infusion of WDS did not affect the number of live embryos. Although infusions of WDS did not affect the mRNA level and secretion of the cytokines measured and did not improve embryonic survival rates, further studies are needed to better understand the influence of semen composition on the uterine response after mating.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".