Recognizing same‐sex relationships: The evolution of recent federal and provincial policies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This article describes recent federal and provincial policies on relationship recognition for same‐sex couples. It argues that the evolution of policy in this area confirms the prediction that the entrenchment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution would lead to a homogenizing of policies across jurisdictions in Charter‐related areas. The author provides a brief overview of the development of relationship recognition as a policy issue, an overview of the relevant Charter litigation, and a description of recent policy developments in federal jurisdiction, such as the passage of Bill C‐23 on relationship recognition, as well as developments in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and other provinces. Sommaire: Le présent article décrit les récentes politiques fédérales et provinciales sur la reconnaissance des conjoints et conjointes de même sexe. II soutient que l'évolution des politiques dans ce domaine confirme les prédictions que l'enchâssement de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés dans la Constitution entraînerait une, homogénéisation des politiques de tous les territoires/provinces dans les domaines liés à la Charte. L'auteur présente un bref aperçu de l'éolution de la reconnaissance des conjoints et conjointes de même sexe en tant que question de politique, une vue d'ensemble du contentieux applicable fondé sur la Charte, et une description de récentes formulations de politiques à l'échelle fédérale, comme l'adoption du projet de loi C‐23 sur la reconnaissance des conjoints et conjointes de même sexe, ainsi que des faits nouveaux en Ontario, au Québec, en Colombie‐Britannique et dans d'autres provinces.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".