Evidence in an International Sample of Alcohol‐Dependent Subjects of Subgroups With Specific Symptom Patterns of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: An earlier latent class analysis (LCA) of the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder in alcohol-dependent subjects enrolled in the Montreal sample of the WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence suggested a three-class qualitative solution. The present analysis of a larger, international WHO/ISBRA sample provides evidence of a four-class solution with expanded symptomatic differentiation. METHODS: An unrestricted LCA of 15 antisocial behaviors expressed after 15 years of age was performed in 465 males with DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence, from the Montreal center (n = 120, overlapping the previous LCA), Helsinki (n = 80), São Paolo (n = 145), Sapporo (n = 22), and Sydney (n = 98); subjects were of various races, were ascertained from various sources, and showed a wide range of social adjustment. RESULTS: Four latent classes that appeared to differ qualitatively were identified. For descriptive purposes, the classes are termed socially adjusted adults (SAA, n = 197), antisocial work-adjusted adults (AWAA, n = 126), antisocial work-maladjusted adults (AWMA, n = 120), and antisocial aggressive adults (AAA, n = 23). The AAA class had the earliest age of onset for alcohol dependence, which decreased across classes. Proportion of alcohol-dependent first-degree relatives was low in the SAA class (13.6%), moderate in the AWAA and the AWMA classes (20.8% and 18.7% respectively), and high in the AAA class (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: It is unknown if and to what extent racial, cultural, and ascertainment heterogeneity between collaborating centers might have influenced these analyses. The results presented here show qualitative differences among antisocial alcohol-dependent individuals in job adjustment and aggressive behavior, but only the latter distinction was relevant to familial alcohol dependence. Moreover, both the aggressive class and socially adjusted class differed in familial loading for alcohol dependence from the remaining two antisocial classes. These data provide improved empirical support for qualitative differentiation of aggressive from nonaggressive antisocial alcohol-dependent individuals and might also have nosological implications for antisocial personality disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".