Development of a Sperm Cryopreservation Protocol for Redside Dace: Implications for Genome Resource Banking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Populations of Redside DaceClinostomus elongatushave declined in many areas across the species’ North American range. Therefore, the development of sperm cryopreservation technology would provide an invaluable means of preserving genetic diversity in populations that are in imminent danger of extirpation. We developed cryopreservation protocols by testing the effects of diluent (buffered sperm motility‐inhibiting saline solution [BSMIS]; BSMIS + glycine; sucrose; and Hanks’ balanced salt solution [HBSS]), cryoprotectant (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]; propylene glycol [PG]; N,N‐dimethylacetamide [DMA]; and methanol), freezing rate (1, 5, and 10°C/min), and male‐to‐male variation on sperm quality. Incubating sperm in extenders affected motility; BSMIS + glycine + methanol, BSMIS + glycine + PG, and HBSS + methanol were the only treatments for which motility was not significantly different from that of fresh sperm. Sperm frozen with sucrose had higher motility than sperm frozen with BSMIS + glycine, and sperm frozen with DMSO had higher motility than sperm frozen with methanol. Freezing rates were evaluated for BSMIS + glycine, HBSS, and sucrose; all diluents were frozen with DMSO. The effect of freezing rate was not significant for BSMIS + glycine or for HBSS, but an effect was detected for sucrose, with sperm frozen at 5°C/min or 10°C/min having higher motility than sperm frozen at 1°C/min. The effect of extender was not significant at 1°C/min or 5°C/min, but an effect was detected at 10°C/min such that sperm frozen with sucrose had the highest motility. Male‐to‐male variability was evaluated by using sucrose + DMSO and a freezing rate of 10°C/min. For these males, the sperm motility recovery index ranged from 6.67% to 79.27%, and the sperm velocity recovery index ranged from 21.37% to 57.33%. Our findings demonstrate that cryopreservation of Redside Dace sperm in a sucrose + DMSO extender at a freezing rate of 10°C/min is adequate for preserving genetic diversity via sperm banks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".