In situ analysis of trace elements and isotope ratios in fish otoliths using laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We applied laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) to the analysis of trace element and isotopic signatures in fish otoliths. Manganese, Sr, and Ba profiles across juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) otoliths, expressed as ratios to Ca, showed considerable spatial and temporal variations that were presumably reflective of variations in water chemistry over the same scales. Differences in otolith Mn:Ca ratios between adjacent rivers in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, may be related to dissolved oxygen levels in the rivers through reductive release of Mn 2+ from sediments. Strontium and Ba profiles appeared to accurately reflect differences in dissolved Sr and Ba in freshwater end-members, both between Pamlico Sound and Chesapeake Bay and between seasons within Chesapeake Bay. High-precision analyses of Sr:Ca ratios in a black drum (Pogonias cromis) otolith showed distinctive quasi-sinusoidal cycles that were correlated with validated annual bands. Analyses of Sr and Pb isotopes, in otoliths and standard reference material, respectively, found that SF-ICP-MS produced accurate and precise estimates of isotope ratios in both solution-based and laser ablation assays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".