Sacral spinal interneurones and the control of urinary bladder and urethral striated sphincter muscle function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Normally, during bladder filling (continence) and expulsion (micturition) there is a reciprocity between the pattern of activity in the urinary bladder sacral parasympathetic efferents and the somatic motoneurones innervating the striated external urethral sphincter muscle. The co-ordination of this pattern of reciprocal activity appears to be determined by excitatory and inhibitory actions of a variety of segmental afferents and descending systems with sacral spinal actions. These actions may in part be mediated through lower lumbar and sacral excitatory and inhibitory spinal interneurones. Over the past 30 years, both neuroanatomical and electrophysiological approaches have been used to reveal an ever-increasing richness in the neuronal network in the lower spinal cord related to the bladder and striated external urethral sphincter muscle. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the identified excitatory and inhibitory spinal interneurones hypothesized to be involved in the central networks controlling the sacral bladder parasympathetic preganglionic neurones and striated urethral sphincter motoneurones during continence and micturition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".