Response of Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitors to Growth Factors and Axon Signals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the effects of growth factors and axonal signals on the differentiation of human fetal and adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and determined whether these effects translated into enhanced axonal ensheathment. Only small numbers of fetal OPCs grown in defined medium expressed the oligodendroglial lineage markers Olig2 and O4. The combination of platelet-derived growth factor-AA and basic fibroblast growth factor enhanced proliferation of Olig2-positive and O4-positive cells; a combination of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 promoted O4-positive cell differentiation, galactocerebroside expression, and morphological complexity. Coculturing with rodent dorsal root ganglion neurons in defined medium alone enhanced OPC differentiation and myelin basic protein expression. The addition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/insulin-like growth factor 1 further enhanced differentiation, axonal attachment and ensheathment, and clustering of the contactin-associated protein Caspr and Na+ channels. By contrast, most adult OPCs were O4 positive and Olig2 positive in defined medium; both brain-derived neurotrophic factor/insulin-like growth factor 1 and platelet-derived growth factor-AA/basic fibroblast growth factor promoted their myelin basic protein expression and membrane sheet formation; coculture with dorsal root ganglion neurons further increased myelin basic protein expression. Growth factors also enhanced attachment of adult OPCs to axons, but their capacity to ensheath axons was lower than that of fetal OPCs. These results demonstrate that fetal and adult OPCs show measurable responses to selected growth factors and axon signals that correlate with their capacity for axon ensheathment. The distinct properties of fetal and adult OPCs may be related to differences in their chronological age and initial differentiation states.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".