Sexual behavior, knowledge and attitude of non-medical university students towards HIV/AIDS in Malaysia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Concerns about infection with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) among adolescents has renewed interest in developing countries, where they represent a large proportion of population and are at high risk. Little is known about sexual knowledge of university students in Malaysia. University students’ pattern of risky behavior and the extent of their knowledge regarding HIV can determine the type of interventional programs that can be developed for the sensitive issue of HIV in a country where Islam is the national religion. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on sexual and drug use behavior, knowledge and attitude of HIV risk was undertaken amongst 530 university students using simple random sampling. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Result: Knowledge of university students about HIV was high but there are still some remaining misconceptions. Contribution of parents and medical personnel in informing students about HIV was negligible while audiovisuals including internet were found to be the main source of knowledge. Students’ risk taking behavior was low as only 2.3% of students reported sexual activity during last 12 month, 58.3% of whom were using condoms. Frequency of intravenous drug use was 1.7% only. Two percent self-reported as HIV positive. However frequencies of tobacco use and alcohol intake was 21.2% and 9.7% respectively. Peer pressure (63.9%) and lack of guidance (23.9%) was reported to be the main reasons for students’ drug use. Females had a better attitude than males (p=0.02). There was a correlation between score of knowledge with attitude (p=0.01) and behavior (p=0.05). Discussion and conclusion: Parents’ guidance about risk taking behavior should be encouraged. Peer education intervention programs are needed for university students to clarify their
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".