Glucosyltransferases acting on starch or sucrose for the synthesis of oligosaccharides
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work we review the extraordinary biotechnological potential of two glycosyltransferases, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and dextransucrase, especially their utility in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Both enzymes are non-Leloir transferases that require neither co-factors nor activated substrates, as they directly employ the free energy of cleavage of starch and sucrose, respectively. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase is able to produce cyclodextrins from starch. In the presence of appropriate acceptors (e.g., carbohydrates), this enzyme furnishes oligosaccharides containing α(1[Formula: see text]4) bonds. Thus, we have found that glucose, maltose, and sucrose readily serve as acceptors to form the corresponding [Glc-α(1[Formula: see text]4)] n - oligosaccharides, with the degree of polymerization being controlled by the starch:acceptor ratio. The ability of other sugars and related compounds to act as acceptors is also reviewed. Dextransucrase is a glycansucrase that synthesizes dextran using sucrose as glucosyl donor. The formation of dextrans can be quantitatively replaced with the formation of novel oligosaccharides by adding alternative carbohydrate acceptors to the reaction medium. With the dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299, we have investigated the synthesis of gluco- oligosaccharides containing α(1[Formula: see text]2) bonds using methyl 1-O-α-D-glucopyranoside as the acceptor. These products constitute a class of nondigestible nutraceutical oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties relating to the stabilization and enhancement of gastrointestinal tract flora, and are being increasingly used by the food industry.Key words: glycansucrases, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, dextransucrase, acceptor products, gluco-oligosaccharides, malto-oligosaccharides, coupling sugar, nutraceuticals, functional foods, prebiotics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it