A quadrature output voltage controlled ring oscillator based on three-stage sub-feedback loops
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a general ring oscillator circuit topology for high speed operation, multiphase output and wide range tuning. The topology uses sub-feedback inverters to construct a fast loop for long chain ring oscillator to achieve high speed. The operating frequency of the ring oscillator is directly proportional to the transconductance (G/sub m/) of sub-feedback inverters which can be controlled with an external voltage. Both single-ended and differential controlled voltage and inverter stages can be used. A quadrature output ring oscillator based on three-stage sub-feedback loops is designed and fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process for a 1.25 GHz clock recovery application. The circuit operates from 400 MHz up to 2 GHz, and consumes 3 mW at 1.25 GHz with 3.3 V power supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".