Population genetic structure and postglacial colonization of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in the Baltic Sea area based on microsatellite DNA variation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The genetic structure and phylogeography of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across the Baltic Sea basin and neighbouring areas (eastern Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Barents Sea, White Sea, and two Russian lakes, Onega and Ladoga) were studied to resolve the partly contradictory hypotheses of the species' postglacial colonization history. Thirty-eight populations (total of 2180 individuals) were studied for nine DNA microsatellite loci. Within the Baltic Sea, the anadromous populations formed three clear groups, corresponding to the northern (Gulf of Bothnia), eastern (Gulf of Finland and eastern Baltic Main Basin), and southern regions (western Baltic Main Basin). The genetic differences among these three groups were clearly greater (G GB 5.6%; G GB being the proportion of diversity components between regions within basins) than were those among population groups in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (G GB 2.2%) from Ireland to the White Sea. The isolation-by-distance model explained part of the differentiation within, but not between, the regions. The results strongly indicate colonization of the Baltic Sea by at least three glacial lineages. Potential refugium areas for each lineage are proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".