A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARABOLIC FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN STRAIGHT DUCTS OF IRREGULAR CROSS SECTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the proposed method, a step-by-step marching procedure in the axial direction is used to solve the problems of interest from the inlet to the exit planes of the ducts. In each step or slice, the following formulation is used: the slice is first discretized into six-node prism-shaped elements of triangular cross section, and then each set of corresponding upstream and downstream nodes are associated with prism-shaped control volumes of polygonal cross section. The dependent variables are stored at the same nodes (colocated) and interpolated using equal-order element-based functions. Algebraic approximations to integral mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations for each of the prism-shaped control volumes are then derived using the aforementioned interpolation functions, and the resulting discretized equations are solved using an adaptation of a sequential iterative variable adjustment scheme. This formulation provides the following novel capabilities compared to those of earlier numerical methods for the solution of three-dimensional parabolic problems: it is applicable to ducts of irregular- and regular-shaped cross section; and for any axial step size, the solution is independent of the sequence in which the dependent variables are solved. A novel automatic axial step-size selection procedure is also proposed for problems in which the dependent variables vary monotonically in the axial direction. The validity of the proposed method is established by applying it to developing laminar forced convection in a straight duct of square cross section and comparing the results to those available in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".