A Tale of Two Cities: Climate Change Policies in Vancouver and Melbourne — Barometers of Cooperative Federalism?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The failure of the United Nations negotiations on climate change in Copenhagen presents governments with an opportunity to consider new approaches to implementing climate change policy. Developed nations like Canada and Australia continue to fall short of their commitments to Kyoto targets and predict that their greenhouse gas emissions will continue to rise. The planning and development of metropolitan areas continues to promote high levels of consumption and increased dependence on fossil fuel‐based energy. City governments in Vancouver and Melbourne have strong commitments to both mitigation and adaptation policy action against the impact of global warming. Both argue they are constrained in their efforts by federal institutional arrangements and require improved cooperation from other levels of government. This article uses the conceptual framework developed by the OECD to support greater levels of cooperation between governments in multilevel systems when implementing climate change policies. The article examines the contextual factors inherent in the institutional arrangements and uses the experiences of Vancouver and Melbourne to explore the factors that encourage or discourage cooperation in climate change policy. Résumé L'échec de la conférence des Nations Unies à Copenhague sur les changements climatiques offre aux gouvernements l'occasion d'envisager de nouvelles approches de politiques publiques dans ce domaine. Les nations développées telles que le Canada et l'Australie ne tiennent toujours pas leurs engagements sur les objectifs de Kyoto et annoncent que leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre vont encore croître. L'aménagement et le développement des zones métropolitaines continuent de stimuler la consommation des énergies fossiles, donc la dépendance à leur égard. Les municipalités de Vancouver et de Melbourne se sont fortement impliquées dans des actions publiques visant à atténuer l'impact du réchauffement climatique, ou à s'y adapter. Selon elles, leurs tentatives sont gênées par les dispositifs institutionnels fédéraux, et il faudrait une meilleure coopération avec les autres niveaux de gouvernement. À l'aide du cadre conceptuel élaboré par l'OCDE, cet article défend une coopération accrue entre les gouvernements des systèmes à plusieurs niveaux lorsque sont mises en place des politiques liées à l'évolution du climat. Il étudie les facteurs contextuels inhérents aux dispositifs institutionnels et s'appuie sur les expériences de Vancouver et Melbourne pour examiner les facteurs qui encouragent ou découragent la coopération dans ce domaine d'action publique .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".