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Record W2108457525 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v63i3.918

Acceptability and Face Validity of a Geriatric Self-Medication Assessment Tool

2010· article· en· W2108457525 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Janice Irvine-Meek, Odette N. Gould, Hannah Wheaton, Laura Todd

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsUniversity of WaterlooMount Allison UniversityHorizon Health Network
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFace validityFocus groupPharmacyPsychological interventionTest (biology)MedicineRecallScale (ratio)CognitionRating scaleContent validityPsychologyPopulationPharmacistFamily medicineNursingPsychometricsClinical psychologyPsychiatry

Abstract

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Background: A majority of community-dwelling older adults manage their own medication regimens. This study describes the development and first phase of testing of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool (SMAT), designed to screen for cognitive and functional deficits in relation to medication self-management among community-dwelling geriatric patients.Objective: To evaluate the face validity of the SMAT and to determine its acceptability among pharmacists.Methods: An instrument was designed, with 5 assessment scales to measure function, cognition, medication recall, and 2 aspects of adherence. The instrument included a standardized test kit and instructions for testers. Focus groups interviews, individual interviews, and surveys were used to determine the reactions of community and hospital-based pharmacists to the tool. Transcripts of the focus group and individual interviews were coded for main themes. Pharmacists’ ratings of usefulness, thoroughness, and ease of use, as well as their willingness to use the instrument, were compared with a neutral rating on a 7-point scale by means of 1-sample t tests.Results: Focus group interviews or individual interviews were conducted with 17 pharmacists and 3 pharmacy students (out of a potential population of about 300) who responded to an invitation to participate. The pharmacists felt that the tool would be useful in identifying difficulties with medication management and potential interventions, and they expressed a willingness to use it in their respective practices. Pharmacists working in hospital settings were slightly more willing than community pharmacists to use the tool. Interviewees highlighted ways to improve the tool before testing of its psychometric properties in the planned second phase of this project.Conclusions: The SMAT had strong face validity and was particularly acceptable for use by pharmacists in hospital settings.RÉSUMÉContexte : Une majorité d’adultes âgés vivant dans la communauté gèrent eux-mêmes la prise de leurs médicaments. Cette étude décrit la mise au point et la phase initiale de la validation d’un outil d’évaluation de l’automédication (OEAM) conçu pour dépister les déficits cognitifs et fonctionnels relatifs à l’augotestion des médicaments chez les patients gériatriques vivant dans la communauté.Objectif : Évaluer la validité apparente de l’OEAM et déterminer son acceptabilité chez les pharmaciens.Méthodes : Un outil comportant cinq échelles d’évaluation a été conçu pour mesurer les capacités fonctionnelles, la cognition, le rappel des connaissances sur les médicaments et deux aspects de l’observance. L’outil était pourvu d’une trousse de validation standardisée et d’instructions pour les essayeurs. Des entrevues de groupe, des entrevues individuelles et des sondages ont été utilisés pour déterminer les réactions des pharmaciens communautaires et hospitaliers face à l’outil. Les transcriptions des entrevues de groupe et des entrevues individuelles ont été codées pour ce qui est des principaux thèmes. Les notations des pharmaciens quant à l’utilité, à la rigueur et à la facilité d’emploi, ainsi qu’à leur propension à l’utilisation ont été comparées à une notation objective sur une échelle de sept points à l’aide de tests t pour échantillon unique.Résultats : Les entrevues de groupe ou individuelles ont été menées chez 17 pharmaciens et trois étudiants en pharmacie (provenant d’une population potentielle d’environ 300) qui ont accepté l’invitation à participer. Les pharmaciens ont estimé que l’outil serait utile pour cerner les difficultés de gestion des médicaments et les interventions potentielles, et ils ont exprimé leur propension à l’utiliser dans leur milieu d’exercice respectif. Les pharmaciens en milieu hospitalier étaient un peu plus enclins à utiliser l’outil que leurs collègues du secteur communautaire. Les interviewés ont souligné des façons d’améliorer l’outil avant d’en tester les propriétés psychométriques dans la deuxième phase anticipée de ceprojet.Conclusions : L’OEAM avait une validité apparente élevée et son utilisation était particulièrement acceptable par les pharmaciens en milieu hospitalier.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.035
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.089
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.035
Threshold uncertainty score0.183

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0350.089
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.059
GPT teacher head0.392
Teacher spread0.333 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations17
Published2010
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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