Solution of flow around complex‐shaped surfaces by an immersed boundary‐body conformal enrichment method
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY Solving the flow around objects with complex shapes may involve extensive meshing work that has to be repeated each time a change in the geometry is needed. Time consuming meshing can be avoided when the solution algorithm can tackle grids that do not fit the shape of immersed objects. This work presents applications of a recently proposed immersed boundary—body conformal enrichment method to the solution of the flow around complex shaped surfaces such as those of a metallic foam matrix. The method produces solutions of the flow satisfying accurately Dirichlet boundary conditions imposed on the immersed fluid/solid interface. The boundary of immersed objects is defined using a level‐set function, and the finite element discretization of interface elements is enriched with additional degrees of freedom, which are eliminated at element level. The method is first validated in the case of flow problems for which reference solutions on body‐conformal grids can be obtained: flow around an array of spheres and flow around periodic arrays of cylinders. Then, solutions are shown for the more complex flow inside a metallic foam matrix. A multiscale approach combining the solution at the pore level by the immersed boundary method and the macro‐scale solution with simulated permeability is used to solve actual experimental configurations. The computed pressure drop as a function of the flow rate on the macro scale configuration replicating two experimental setups is compared with the experimental data for various foam thicknesses. Copyright © 2011 National Research Council Canada
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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