An emergency urine bioassay method for 241Am by extraction chromatography and liquid scintillation counting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An emergency urine bioassay method has been developed for the determination of (241)Am in human urine samples. The method is based on extraction chromatographic separation of (241)Am from urine on a single DGA (N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyldiglycolamide) resin column followed by liquid scintillation counting of (241)Am. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) for the method was 0.02 Bq. Considering the volume of urine sample (17.2 ml) used by the method; the MDA was 1.3 Bq l(-1). Measurement accuracy (relative bias, B(r)) and repeatability (relative precision, S(B)) of the method were found to be -3.4 and 8.9 %, respectively, when urine samples were spiked with (241)Am (20 Bq l(-1)). Excellent linearity (r(2) > 0.999) was established over the range of 2-200 Bq l(-1). The method was also found to be robust (S(B)=10.2 %) against matrix effects from different urine samples. Performance of the rapid bioassay method for accuracy and repeatability were evaluated against the performance criteria for radiobioassay (ANSI N13.30) and found to be in compliance. Considering the simplicity, excellent analytical figures of merit and fast sample turnaround time (<1 h), it is a very promising rapid bioassay method for supporting the medical response to an emergency where internal contamination of (241)Am is involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".