A Global Approach for Modeling and Analysis of Edge-Coupled Traveling-Wave Terahertz Photoconductive Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a global and geometry-independent approach is proposed for accurate analysis of edge-coupled continuous wave (CW) traveling-wave terahertz photomixer sources. All major physical phenomena involved in the operation of such devices are included in three interconnected solvers, which are combined as a unified analysis tool. A photonic solver is developed to find the optical intensity across the fast photoabsorbing region from which the carrier generation rate is determined. A semiconductor solver is used to study the charge carrier transport inside the photoconductive region through drift-diffusion model, and to predict the generated photocurrent with the beat frequency of two CW lasers. An electromagnetic solver is introduced to rigorously calculate the coupled terahertz signal into the guiding transmission line through a Lorentz reciprocity theorem. Theoretical formulation behind each solver is discussed in detail, and numerical results from each solver are presented. The proposed approach is a powerful tool for global optimization of the photoconductive sources, especially for maximizing the optical-to-terahertz power conversion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".