Evidence for Direct<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math>Violation in the Measurement of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Angle<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>∓</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mo>*</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mo>*</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>∓</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>Decays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa $CP$-violating angle $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ through a Dalitz plot analysis of neutral $D$-meson decays to ${K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${K}_{S}^{0}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ produced in the processes ${B}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$, ${B}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*}{K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ with ${D}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, $D\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and ${B}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}$ with ${K}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$, using 468 million $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at SLAC. We measure $\ensuremath{\gamma}=(68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ (modulo 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), where the first error is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third reflects the uncertainty in the description of the neutral $D$ decay amplitudes. This result is inconsistent with $\ensuremath{\gamma}=0$ (no direct $CP$ violation) with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".