Shear strength testing of intact and recompacted samples of municipal solid waste
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents results of shear strength testing of intact and recompacted samples of municipal solid waste (MSW). A method for in situ sampling of MSW from landfills using a push-in sampler was developed and used to obtain intact samples of MSW from a large municipal landfill. Shear strength testing of MSW was carried out using a large triaxial compression apparatus as well as a large direct shear apparatus. The results are presented in terms of cohesion intercept (c′) and angle of shearing resistance ([Formula: see text]) and are compared with those available in published literature. Based on these results and their favourable comparison with this literature, it can be concluded that meaningful shear strength parameters for MSW can be obtained using consolidated undrained triaxial tests on large-diameter intact and recompacted samples. A fairly consistent picture of the shear behaviour of MSW obtained from effective stress paths in triaxial tests appears to suggest that shear behaviour of MSW can be explained using the effective stress principle. It is suggested that recompacted samples could be used for obtaining reasonable estimates of c′ and [Formula: see text] for MSW; however, it may be necessary to use intact samples to establish the pre-failure deformation behaviour of MSW.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it