Deep CCD Surface Photometry of Galaxy Clusters. II. Searching for Intracluster Starlight in Non‐cD clusters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the search for intracluster light in four Abell Type II/III (non-cD) galaxy clusters: Abell 801, 1234, 1553, & 1914. We find on average that these clusters contain $\sim$ 10% of their detected stellar luminosity in a diffuse component. We show that for two of the clusters the intracluster light closely follows the galaxy distribution, but in the other two cases, there are noticeable differences between the spatial distribution of the galaxies and the intracluster light. We report the results of a search for intracluster tidal debris in each cluster, and note that Abell 1914 in particular has a number of strong tidal features likely due to its status as a recent cluster merger. One of the Abell 1914 features appears to be spatially coincident with an extension seen in weak lensing maps, implying the feature traces a large amount of mass. We compare these results to numerical simulations of hierarchically-formed galaxy clusters, and find good general agreement between the observed and simulated images, although we also find that our observations sample only the brightest features of the intracluster light. Together, these results suggest that intracluster light can be a valuable tool in determining the evolutionary state of galaxy clusters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".