BURDEN OF BURULI ULCER: HOW AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS IN A GHANAIAN DISTRICT COPE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Buruli Ulcer (BU) is economically burdensome and socially stigmatising. We examined the burden of BU and the strategies commonly adopted by households in a Ghanaian district to cope with it. Respondents for the study were conveniently sampled using data from a BU unit within the District Health Centre. Adult BU patients and caretakers of minor patients (aged less than 15) who had reported for care within the past year were interviewed. A semistructured questionnaire was used for the interviews. The staff in-charge of an international NGO with services to BU patients in the district was also interviewed. The disease was associated with poor rural households with mean annual incomes of the equivalent of USD 490.70 or less. Other costs and stigma associated with the disease posed a great burden on the already poor households we studied. Households adopt coping strategies, including sale of assets, reduction in farm sizes, and avoiding people, all of which are potentially risky for future sustainability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".