TRUST AND COOPERATION RELATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF LEBANON
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infertility is a major problem that affects families in Kenya. In Kisumu district, high prevalence rate of infertility and the desire to depart from over-emphasis on fertility studies are the primary reasons for the study. The study aimed at establishing the level of knowledge on the meaning of infertility and assessing the socio-cultural beliefs and practices that predispose people to infertility. In addition, the research focused on the consequences of infertility besides examining the coping strategies used by persons suffering from infertility. A descriptive research was used to describe characteristics of events and experiences of couples faced with the consequences of infertility. Thereafter, the data was organized, tabulated, interpreted and described. Similarly, the study relied on a mixed method design which involves intergrating both qualitative and quantitative techniques. In particular, the study employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires to gather information from 200 respondents. Six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) comprising of 10-12 individuals were conducted. Admittedly, the study revealed that although people in Kisumu district accord great significance to childbearing, they have low level of knowledge on the meaning of infertility, predisposing factors and appropriate treatment options. Infertile couples and individuals suffered socially, psychologically and economically. For instance, high cost of treatment was reported as a major economic challenge, and failure to raise huge amounts of money for diagnosis and treatment fueled adoption of medically unproven coping strategies. Socially, infertility poses serious threat to marital stability among childless couples. Issues of social isolation and stigmatization were also reported by the respondents as common phenomena. Few individuals especially who recognized infertility as a biological disorder sought medical treatment in health centres while majority relied on traditonal interventions. Establishment of infertility policy and improvement in diagnosis, treatment, education, counselling and foster care services are recommended in addressing consequences of childbearing problems in Kisumu district. The study concludes that several factors predispose couples to infertility and that infertility is nolonger an urban phenomenon, nor is it confined to women only.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".