Efficacy of single or paired intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation combined with collagen crosslinking in keratoconus
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of single or paired intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) combined with ultraviolet-A and riboflavin collagen crosslinking (CXL) in patients with keratoconus. SETTING: Cornea Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS: Consecutive patients with keratoconus had femtosecond laser-assisted ICRS implantation combined with same-day CXL between 2008 and 2011. The main outcome measures included improvement in visual acuity, subjective refractive error, keratometry values, and total higher-order aberration (HOA). RESULTS: Eighty-five eyes of 74 patients with keratoconus (paired ICRS: 47 eyes of 40 patients; single ICRS: 38 eyes of 34 patients) were included in the study. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was significantly improved after single ICRS (3.4 lines; P=.04) and paired ICRS (2.7 lines; P=.01) implantation combined with CXL, while corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) remained stable. The single and paired ICRS groups had a significant reduction in mean cylinder at 1 year (single ICRS: -3.84 diopters [D] ± 1.72 [SD] versus -2.19 ± 1.54 D, P=.02; paired ICRS: -3.91 ± 1.45 D versus -2.96 ± 1.92 D) (P=.02). There was no significant difference in total HOAs. Single ICRS implantation and paired ICRS implantation with CXL were equivalent in all refractive parameters. No patient lost lines of CDVA. CONCLUSION: As determined by corneal topography, implantation of single or paired ICRS combined with same-day CXL was safe and effective in patients with keratoconus.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it