The effect of shape and roughness on the maximum induction charge for small particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considerable analytical and numerical work has already been done on the charging characteristics of spherical and cylindrical particles. However, the majority of industrial processes involve irregular particles with rough surfaces. In this paper, the relationships between the magnitude of the induction charge and electric field on conductive particles in a uniform electric field as a function of the particle shape and roughness have been investigated. The COMSOL program based on the Finite Element Method was used in the numerical modelling. The results show that in evaluating the value of induction charge for a fixed applied electric field, as particle shape changes care must be taken to ensure that surface fields do not exceed breakdown. With this limitation it is shown that, for a given volume, a smooth sphere will gain more induction charge than either a fibrous or flake shaped particle. However for particles with rough surfaces for some levels of roughness it is possible to obtain a higher charge than an equivalent smooth sphere. These results suggest that the degree of surface roughness may be important in certain coating applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".