Non-union of Non-operatively Treated Displaced Olecranon Fractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background With this case series, we report the management of patients who present with non-union after no treatment or intentional non-operative management of a displaced olecranon fracture. We hypothesized that the majority of these patients would be satisfied with their symptoms and function. Methods Ten patients (six women and four men) with a mean age of 59 years (range 21 years to 94 years) presented to one of seven surgeons with non-union of a displaced fracture of the olecranon a mean of 17 months (range 3 months to 7 years) after injury. Results The mean flexion-extension arc at presentation was 117° (range 100° to 135°) with a mean flexion of 137° (range 120° to 150°) and a mean extension of 21° (range 10° to 40°). Forearm rotational arc was a mean of 172° (range 150° to 180°) with a mean pronation of 86° (range 75° to 90°) and a mean supination of 86° (range 75° to 90°). Two patients who had difficulty participating in daily activities because of pain or loss of function requested operative treatment. Eight patients declined operative treatment. Conclusions Patients who present with a non-union after a displaced olecranon fracture managed non-operatively have reasonable elbow function and uncommonly request operative treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".