Class III β-tubulin expression in tumor cells predicts response and outcome in patients with non–small cell lung cancer receiving paclitaxel
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both fundamental and clinical studies suggest that class III beta-tubulin expression is associated with resistance to taxanes and constitutes a prognostic factor in several solid tumors. In this study, we assessed the prognostic and predictive value of class III beta-tubulin in tumors of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with paclitaxel-based or other regimens that did not include tubulin-binding agents. Expression of class III beta-tubulin was examined immunohistochemically in 91 tumor samples obtained before treatment from patients with stage III and IV NSCLC, including 47 who received paclitaxel-based regimens and 44 who received regimens without tubulin-binding agents. Response to chemotherapy, progression-free survival, and overall survival were correlated with the expression of class III beta-tubulin protein. The response rate was 37.5% (16 responses among 45 evaluable patients) among patients receiving paclitaxel. Patients whose tumors expressed low levels of class III beta-tubulin isotype had a better response rate, longer progression-free survival, and overall survival (P < 0.001, 0.004, and 0.002, respectively), whereas this variable was not found to be predictive in patients receiving regimens without tubulin-binding agents. A multivariate analysis taking into account sex, age, histology, stage, and class III beta-tubulin confirmed that low-level class III beta-tubulin expression was independently correlated with progression-free survival (P = 0.003) and overall survival (P = 0.003). These findings suggest that the expression levels of class III beta-tubulin in tumor cells is predictive of response to therapy and patient outcome in patients with NSCLC receiving paclitaxel-based chemotherapy but is not a general prognostic factor in this patient population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it