Effect of fragmentation on predation pressure of insect herbivores in a north temperate deciduous forest ecosystem
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Forest fragmentation affects many ecosystem processes by spatially altering relationships among organisms. Herbivory by arthropods is an important ecosystem processes in forests that fragmentation alters by changing relationships among herbivores, their predators, and their hosts. The relative importance of these factors remains unclear. 2. It was tested whether the exclusion of vertebrate predators affected the arthropod abundance or amounts of herbivory in a fragmented, deciduous forest landscape in southern Q uebec. Differences in the abundance of arthropod herbivores and amounts of herbivory in forest patches with different landscape characteristics (small isolated patches versus large connected ones), on sugar maple saplings with or without exclosures that restricted access by large vertebrate predators were measured. 3. Saplings protected from predators with exclosures had greater abundances of all arthropods (herbivores and invertebrate predators) than those without, indicating potential top‐down effects of vertebrate predators on arthropods. Analysis of effect sizes between exclosure treatments and controls suggests the magnitude of predation effects may be affected by fragmentation. 4. Strong top‐down effects of predators on arthropods, and weak effects of fragmentation on predation or amounts of herbivory were found. As a result, herbivory may be regulated by factors other than vertebrate predation in this system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".