Internal Hydraulic Jumps and Overturning Generated by Tidal Flow over a Tall Steep Ridge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recent observations from the Hawaiian Ridge indicate episodes of overturning and strong dissipation coupled with the tidal cycle near the top of the ridge. Simulations with realistic topography and stratification suggest that this overturning has its origins in transient internal hydraulic jumps that occur below the shelf break at maximum ebb tide, and then propagate up the slope as internal bores when the flow reverses. A series of numerical simulations explores the parameter space of topographic slope, barotropic velocity, stratification, and forcing frequency to identify the parameter regime in which these internal jumps are possible. Theoretical analysis predicts that the tidally driven jumps may occur when the vertical tidal excursion is large, which is shown to imply steep topographic slopes, such that dh/dxN/ω > 1. The vertical length scale of the jumps is predicted to depend on the flow speed such that the jump Froude number is of order unity. The numerical results agree with the theoretical predictions, with finite-amplitude internal hydraulic jumps and overturning forming during strong offslope tidal flow over steep slopes. These results suggest that internal hydraulic jumps may be an important mechanism for local tidally generated mixing at tall steep topography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".